آمریکای جنوبی

  1. آمریکای جنوبی

    Colombia Signs 11 Decrees to Finance Earthquake Reconstruction

    منابع دست‌اول:1منابع دست‌دوم:23
جمعیت
۴۳۷٫۸ میلیون
تولید ناخالص داخلی اسمی
‎$ ۴٫۶ تریلیون
کشورها
۱۲

آخرین داده‌های موجود؛ تولید ناخالص داخلی اسمی به دلار جاری آمریکا است. منابع در ۲ شهریور ۱۴۰۵ بررسی شدند.

منابع:12
موتور اقتصادی
ChinaSouth America's largest goods-trade partner
  1. Copper · lithium · oil
  2. Global demand + prices
  3. Budgets · currencies · governments
  • FieldsSoybeans · beef · grain
  • MinesCopper · lithium
  • WellsBrazilian + Venezuelan oil
منابع:1
قدرت و نهادها
1980sthe main wave of transitions to elected civilian rule
Civilian rule
  • MercosurAtlantic customs union
  • Andean CommunityWestern interior
  • Pacific AlliancePacific-facing economies
  • Political swingsLeft ↔ right
منابع:1234
نقاط فشار
≈40%of the continent is covered by the Amazon basin
  • DeforestationProtection and development collide
  • DisplacementMillions have left Venezuela
  • Cocaine routesAndean fields to Atlantic ports
  • EssequiboVenezuela's claim against Guyana
  • InequalitySome of the world's widest wealth gaps
منابع:1234

کشورها در یک نگاه

برای دیدن پایتخت، جمعیت، تولید ناخالص داخلی و نکات کلیدی، هر کشور را باز کنید.

Brazil & the North

5

The continent's giant and its Caribbean-facing north: half of South America's people and economy, most of the Amazon, the largest proven oil reserves on earth, and its newest petrostate.

منابع:123

The Andean States

3

The central Andes — heartland of the former Inca Empire and of today's global copper, lithium, and gas supply, where mineral wealth coexists with chronic political turbulence.

منابع:12

The Southern Cone

4

The temperate south — the region's most urbanized and highest-income societies, exporting grain, beef, copper, and hydropower, with Argentina's booms and busts setting the rhythm.

منابع:1

نهادهای کلیدی

Mercosur

Customs union founded in 1991 by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, joined as a full member by Bolivia in 2024, with Venezuela suspended since 2016. It sets a common external tariff and negotiates trade agreements as a bloc, though members apply exceptions and enforcement is uneven.

منابع:12

Andean Community (CAN)

Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, organized under the 1969 Cartagena Agreement. Maintains a free-trade area among members and lets their citizens travel within the bloc on national ID cards, with agreements easing residence and work across borders.

منابع:1

Pacific Alliance

Chile, Colombia, and Peru together with Mexico, formed in 2011 as a trade-liberalization pact of Pacific-facing economies. It has eliminated most tariffs among members and links their stock exchanges through the MILA integrated market.

منابع:1

Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)

All eight Amazon-basin states — Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela — cooperating under the 1978 Amazon Cooperation Treaty. From a permanent secretariat in Brasília it coordinates policy on conservation, science, and sustainable development of the shared basin.

منابع:1

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