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The EU's Mediterranean rim: founding member Italy and the post-dictatorship democracies Spain, Portugal, and Greece, all inside the euro area.
Quellen:1A political and economic union of 27 member states that pools sovereignty through a single market, a customs union, and binding common legislation adopted by shared institutions; most members also use the euro and participate in the border-free Schengen area.
Quellen:1A transatlantic military alliance of 32 members built on the Article 5 collective-defence guarantee; it has anchored Western security since 1949 and expanded eastward after the Cold War, adding Finland in 2023 and Sweden in 2024.
Quellen:1A 46-member human-rights organization, separate from the EU, whose European Convention on Human Rights is enforced by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg; Russia was expelled in 2022 over its invasion of Ukraine.
Quellen:12A four-member free-trade grouping — Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland — for European states outside the EU; all but Switzerland join the EU single market through the European Economic Area.
Quellen:1A 57-state security forum spanning Europe, North America, and Central Asia that works on arms control, election observation, and conflict prevention; it is the world's largest regional security organization.
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