Οικονομική κινητήρια δύναμη
ChinaSouth America's largest goods-trade partner
- Copper · lithium · oil
- Global demand + prices
- Budgets · currencies · governments
- FieldsSoybeans · beef · grain
- MinesCopper · lithium
- WellsBrazilian + Venezuelan oil
Νότια Αμερική
Πρόσφατες ειδήσεις
Εξουσία και θεσμοί
1980sthe main wave of transitions to elected civilian rule
Civilian rule
- MercosurAtlantic customs union
- Andean CommunityWestern interior
- Pacific AlliancePacific-facing economies
- Political swingsLeft ↔ right
Σημεία πίεσης
≈40%of the continent is covered by the Amazon basin
- DeforestationProtection and development collide
- DisplacementMillions have left Venezuela
- Cocaine routesAndean fields to Atlantic ports
- EssequiboVenezuela's claim against Guyana
- InequalitySome of the world's widest wealth gaps
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Ανοίξτε μια χώρα για να δείτε την πρωτεύουσα, τον πληθυσμό, το ΑΕΠ και τα βασικά στοιχεία της.
Brazil & the North
Brazil & the North
The Andean States
The Andean States
The Southern Cone
The Southern Cone
The temperate south — the region's most urbanized and highest-income societies, exporting grain, beef, copper, and hydropower, with Argentina's booms and busts setting the rhythm.
Πηγές:1Βασικοί θεσμοί
Mercosur
Customs union founded in 1991 by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, joined as a full member by Bolivia in 2024, with Venezuela suspended since 2016. It sets a common external tariff and negotiates trade agreements as a bloc, though members apply exceptions and enforcement is uneven.
Πηγές:12Andean Community (CAN)
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, organized under the 1969 Cartagena Agreement. Maintains a free-trade area among members and lets their citizens travel within the bloc on national ID cards, with agreements easing residence and work across borders.
Πηγές:1Pacific Alliance
Chile, Colombia, and Peru together with Mexico, formed in 2011 as a trade-liberalization pact of Pacific-facing economies. It has eliminated most tariffs among members and links their stock exchanges through the MILA integrated market.
Πηγές:1Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)
All eight Amazon-basin states — Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela — cooperating under the 1978 Amazon Cooperation Treaty. From a permanent secretariat in Brasília it coordinates policy on conservation, science, and sustainable development of the shared basin.
Πηγές:1